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E160aFine

Carotenes (beta-carotene)

Group: Colours

Harm level1 of 5No concern

In plain words

Carotenes, mainly beta-carotene, are natural orange pigments from carrots and other plants that the body can convert to vitamin A. They are added to margarine, cheese, drinks and sweets.

Where you find it: margarine, juices, cheese, desserts

Our recommendation

No need to avoid it in foods; smokers should steer clear of high-dose supplements.

Possible risks and effects

  • No relevant risk known from foods at normal intake.
  • High-dose supplements may be risky for smokers.

For experts

A provitamin A obtained by extraction from plants or algae, by fermentation or by synthesis. EFSA re-evaluated it in 2012, found intake from food-additive use unproblematic and did not set an ADI. Caution applies to high-dose supplements in smokers, where large trials found a higher lung cancer risk.

Check another E-number

More from this group

E171Titanium dioxideE102TartrazineE104Quinoline yellowE110Sunset Yellow FCFE122Azorubine (carmoisine)E124Ponceau 4RE129Allura Red ACE120Carmine (cochineal)

This information is educational and based on EFSA assessments and available studies; it does not replace medical advice. With allergies, intolerances or illness, follow your doctor’s advice.