Laboratory reference ranges are set statistically — they cover 95% of the "healthy" population. But the "healthy population" in 2026 is chronically sleep-deprived, sedentary and stressed. Being within the norm of that population doesn't mean being in an optimal state.
How to read the numbers: Target = the value we aim for
Inflammation optimum
hsCRP is a sensitive marker of low-grade inflammation, and values below 1 mg/L are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. A single result can be skewed by a recent infection, so have a raised value rechecked after a few weeks.
Cardio risk
Lipoprotein(a) is largely genetically determined, and high levels raise cardiovascular risk independently of standard cholesterol. Having it measured at least once in your life is enough – if it is high, work with your doctor on your other risk factors.
Glycation optimum
HbA1c reflects your average blood sugar over roughly the past three months, making it more stable than a single glucose reading. If it is approaching the upper end of normal, regular exercise, more fibre and fewer sugary drinks help.
Key markers and their optimal values (not just "normal")
Vitamin D: Lab range: 30–100 nmol/L. Biohacker optimum: 100–150 nmol/L.
Ferritin (women): Lab range: 12–150. Optimum: 50–80.
TSH: Lab range: 0.4–4.0. Optimum: 1.0–2.0.
Free T3: Many laboratories don't even measure it as standard — even though it is the active form of thyroid hormone.
hsCRP: Lab range: below 5. Biohacker optimum: below 0.5.
Homocysteine: Lab range: below 15. Optimum: below 8.
Homocysteine above 10 directly damages the inner lining of your blood vessels. The normal laboratory value is below 15. The difference between "normal" and "optimal" here can determine your cardiovascular health for decades to come.
How to read your own results
Download your results as a PDF. For each value, write down: where am I within the reference range? The upper edge? The lower edge? And what does that mean biologically? This is the first step towards understanding your own biology.
