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VitaminsWeak evidence

Vitamin E

Also known as: tocopherol

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. Deficiency is rare because vegetable oils, nuts and seeds are rich sources.

What it is used for

  • Protection of cells from oxidative stress – strong evidence for the basic role (EFSA)
  • Prevention of heart disease and cancer – no evidence from large trials
  • Help with non-alcoholic fatty liver – moderate evidence, only under medical supervision

Forms and how they differ

D-alpha-tocopherol (natural)

more biologically active than synthetic

DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (synthetic)

stable, but roughly half as active

mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols

closer to food composition, limited evidence for advantages

When to take it

With a meal containing fat.

Pairs well with

Vitamin C, selenium.

Do not combine / separate

Do not combine high doses with blood thinners or supplements with similar effects (high-dose fish oil, ginkgo).

Watch out for

High doses may increase bleeding risk – if you take anticoagulant or antiplatelet medicines or are due for surgery, consult your doctor. In pregnancy only after agreeing with your doctor.

Safety

EFSA set an upper limit of 300 mg vitamin E per day for adults. 400 IU natural D-alpha-tocopherol equals roughly 268 mg.

Practical tip

A handful of almonds or sunflower seeds a day covers most of your vitamin E needs.

Products containing Vitamin E 13

Vitamin Egamma tocopherolAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Evening primrose oil + Vitamin A + Vitamin E 1800 mgGLA · 1 800 mg / capsuleSkinWomen’s healthHormonesEyes
Vitamin Etocotrienols + tocopherolsAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E 50 mgtocotrienols · 50 mg / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E 1000 IUmixed tocopherols · 1 000 IU / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E 200 IU200 IU / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E 400 IUd-alpha tocopherol + mixed tocopherols · 400 IU / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E + Selenium 400 IUd-alpha tocopherol + selenium · 400 IU / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunityThyroid
Vitamin E 400 IUd-alpha tocopheryl succinate · 400 IU / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E D-alpha-tocopherol 268 mgD-alpha-tocopherol · 268 mg / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate 200 mgDL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate · 200 mg / capsuleAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin E 90 IUd-alpha tocopherol oil · 90 IU / mlAntioxidantSkinImmunity
Vitamin A + Vitamin D3 + Vitamin E + Vitamin K2fat-soluble complexEyesImmunitySkinBones
How to read the evidence rating
Strong evidenceModerate evidenceWeak evidenceNo evidence

Strong = several good human studies or official recommendations; moderate = promising but smaller studies; weak = few studies or mixed results; no evidence = claims not confirmed.

Combination check

Select the supplements you take and, if relevant, your medicines. We show what interferes, what needs a time gap and what to watch out for.

Check Vitamin E with others

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Important notice

This information is educational and does not replace advice from a doctor or pharmacist. We do not give medicine dosages. Supplements are no substitute for a varied diet; if pregnant, breastfeeding, ill or on medication, consult a doctor first.