Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant needed for immunity, collagen formation and iron absorption. Humans cannot make it, but a varied diet with vegetables and fruit usually covers it.
What it is used for
Normal immune function and collagen formation – strong evidence (EFSA)
Better absorption of iron from plant foods – strong evidence (EFSA)
Shorter colds with regular use – moderate evidence, small effect; weak evidence when started only once ill
Reduction of tiredness – EFSA-approved claim when intake is low
Forms and how they differ
ascorbic acid
standard, inexpensive form, high doses may irritate the stomach
sodium or calcium ascorbate (buffered)
gentler on the stomach
liposomal
slightly better absorbed but more expensive; practical benefit is unclear
powder
easy to dose into a drink
When to take it
Any time of day, ideally with food; split higher doses into two portions.
Pairs well with
Iron (improves its absorption), zinc.
Do not combine / separate
Do not take high doses at the same time as copper supplements.
Watch out for
Take care if you are prone to kidney stones, have kidney disease or haemochromatosis. If you take medicines (e.g. chemotherapy), consult your doctor.
Safety
EFSA has not set an upper limit; doses above 1 g/day may cause diarrhoea and raise kidney stone risk in susceptible people. Do not exceed the label dose.
Practical tip
For everyday needs 100–200 mg a day is enough; peppers, broccoli or kiwi easily cover it.
Strong = several good human studies or official recommendations; moderate = promising but smaller studies; weak = few studies or mixed results; no evidence = claims not confirmed.
Combination check
Select the supplements you take and, if relevant, your medicines. We show what interferes, what needs a time gap and what to watch out for.
This information is educational and does not replace advice from a doctor or pharmacist. We do not give medicine dosages. Supplements are no substitute for a varied diet; if pregnant, breastfeeding, ill or on medication, consult a doctor first.
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