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E319Avoid

TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone)

Group: Antioxidants

Harm level4 of 5Better avoid

In plain words

TBHQ is a synthetic, petroleum-derived antioxidant that extends the shelf life of fats. You find it in some frying fats, instant noodles, crackers and fast food.

Where you find it: fried snacks, instant noodles, fast food

Our recommendation

We recommend avoiding it in future, especially if you often eat fried and instant foods.

Possible risks and effects

  • Possible effect on immune responses – so far only from experimental studies.
  • Adverse effects at high doses in animal studies.

For experts

A phenolic antioxidant (a metabolite of BHA), especially effective in unsaturated vegetable oils. It is permitted in the EU with maximum limits; EFSA set an ADI of 0.7 mg/kg body weight per day in 2004. Newer experimental studies examine effects on immune responses, but human data are lacking.

Check another E-number

More from this group

E320BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole)E321BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene)E310Propyl gallateE385Calcium disodium EDTAE300Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)E301Sodium ascorbateE304Ascorbyl palmitateE306Tocopherols (vitamin E)

This information is educational and based on EFSA assessments and available studies; it does not replace medical advice. With allergies, intolerances or illness, follow your doctor’s advice.