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E223Caution

Sodium metabisulphite

Group: Preservatives

Harm level3 of 5In moderation

In plain words

It is a white powder that releases sulphur dioxide in food, protecting it from spoilage and darkening. You will find it in dried fruit, wine, shrimps, sauces and some potato products.

Where you find it: wine, dried fruit, fruit juices, potato products

Our recommendation

Limit it; people with asthma or sulphite sensitivity should check allergen labelling and avoid it.

Possible risks and effects

  • In people with asthma it can trigger airway narrowing and breathlessness.
  • Sensitive people may react with headache, hives or digestive upset.
  • Destroys vitamin B1 (thiamine) in food.

For experts

Sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) is an inorganic salt that releases SO2 in aqueous and acidic conditions; it serves as a preservative, antioxidant and anti-browning agent, including on crustaceans. EFSA re-evaluated sulphites (E220–E228) in 2022 and, owing to toxicity data gaps, could not confirm an ADI; it did not rule out a safety concern for high consumers. In the EU, sulphites above 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/l (as SO2) must be labelled as an allergen.

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This information is educational and based on EFSA assessments and available studies; it does not replace medical advice. With allergies, intolerances or illness, follow your doctor’s advice.