What the value means
Lipoprotein(a) is an LDL-like particle with an extra protein attached that promotes cholesterol deposition in arteries, inflammation and clotting. Its level is largely determined by genes, which is why European guidelines (ESC/EAS) advise every adult to have Lp(a) measured at least once in a lifetime. Labs report it in mg/dL or nmol/L, and these units cannot be converted precisely. According to the EAS consensus, risk is more clearly raised above about 50 mg/dL (roughly 105–125 nmol/L) and keeps rising with higher levels. A result “within range” therefore does not mean zero risk – what matters is the sum of all factors.
Possible causes
- Genetics – by far the most common cause; values tend to be similar in parents, siblings and children.
- Menopause – Lp(a) may rise slightly as estrogen falls.
- Kidney disease – can raise levels.
- Underactive thyroid – may raise the value slightly.
- Acute inflammation – Lp(a) can fluctuate temporarily, so testing during illness is not advised.
What you can do
- Lower LDL and ApoB – with high Lp(a), the benefit of a low LDL matters even more.
- Monitor blood pressure and sugar – regular home blood pressure readings and HbA1c.
- Do not smoke and stay active – this will not lower Lp(a), but it lowers overall risk.
- Mediterranean-style diet – vegetables, legumes, fish, olive oil and little processed meat.
- Tell your family – first-degree relatives should have Lp(a) checked too.
- Be wary of promises – no supplement reliably lowers Lp(a); targeted drugs are still being studied in clinical trials.
When to see a doctor
Discuss a raised Lp(a) with your doctor, ideally a cardiologist or lipid specialist, especially if you also have higher LDL, high blood pressure, diabetes or a family history of early cardiovascular disease. Based on your overall risk, your doctor will set LDL targets and decide on any treatment.